Place Of Articulation |
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Manner of Articulation | Labial (lips) | Dental (teeth) | Palatovelar (palate/roof of mouth) | Glottal (vocal folds) | |||||
Bilabial | Labio-dental | Inter-dental | Alveo-lar | Alveo-palatal | Palatal | Velar | |||
Stops: Voiceless | P |
T |
K |
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Stops: Voiced | B |
D |
G |
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Fricatives: Voiceless | F |
TH |
S |
SH |
H |
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Fricatives: Voiced |
V |
TH |
Z |
Z |
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Affricates: Voiceless | CH |
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Affricates: Voiced |
J, G |
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Nasals: | M |
N |
NG |
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Liquids: Lateral |
L |
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Liquids: Retroflex |
R |
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Semivowels | Y |
W |
Affricates: consonantal non-continuant or stop sounds characterized by slow fricative release; the sounds of English ch and j or dg (and sometimes g) are examples.
Fricatives: consonants produced with continuous airflow through the narrowed oral passage and making audible friction, such as in the sound /s/.
Liquids: consonant sounds produced with obstruction but without friction and capable of being produced continuously (like vowels); /r/ and /l/ are liquids.
Nasals: sounds made with airflow through the nasal passage
Semivowels: sounds articulated like vowels but used as consonants
Stops: consonants produced with a momentary but complete closure of airflow through the vocal tract.
Voiced: sounds produced with accompanying vibration of the vocal folds, i.e., /d/, /g/, /b/.
Voiceless: sounds produced without accompanying vibration of the vocal folds, i.e., /t/, /k/, /p/.
Chapter 8. Results of the Tennessee ABE and ESL Survey
Table of Contents to the ESL Start-up Kit