Providing landmarks to the bees is harder. Most hives are plain white and drift occurs when there are lines of hives. Research has shown bees can distinguish shapes and colors and this should be helpful in reducing drift. All the research I found used simple shapes and bee distinguishable colors which aren't quite the same as human distinguishable colors. Like humans bees have 3 color receptors. However those receptors are shift towards the ultraviolet into a range humans can not see.
Shapes. I'm going to fall back to heraldry for the names of the shapes. They should be simple to paint and be able to be laid out with just a few lines of masking tape. All of these assume the hive is painted white first, then the second color used for the design. In the inversions the tape is used to keep areas white and the majority of the hive is painted the second color (hopefully a light color). Some of these can be done as inversions and take less effort like the Chevron or the 2 Fesses.
Per Fess |
| Per Bend |
| Per Bend Sinister |
| Per Pale |
| Chief | 1/3 of field Terrace in Base | 1/3 of field
| Tierce | 1/3 of field
| Tierce sinister | 1/3 of field
| Fess |
| Bend |
| Bend Sinister |
| Pale |
| Quarter | From any of 4 corners Gyron | From any of 4 corners I don't like it seems too small
| Per Chausse | From any of 4 directions Touches corners and midpoint of oppisite side
| Per Chevron | From any of 4 directions Starts 1/3 up and rises to 1/3 from top
| Pile | From any of 4 directions Does not touch corners and drops to within 1/3 of top
| Gore | From corner to center than down
| Triangle* | from any of 4 direction
| Chevron | From any of 4 directions
| 2 Fesses |
| 2 Pales |
| 2 Bends |
| 2 Bend Sinisters | Border |
| Billet* |
| Bar* |
| Baton* |
| Baton Sinister* | Lozenge* |
| Points | Per Cross |
| Per Saltire |
| Inverted Border |
| Roundel* |
| Pall | From any of 4 directions Flaunches | Also from top and bottom. (Requires Compass)
| Quarterly |
| Quarterly Per Saltire | Barry | 4 or more even # of stripes
| Bendy | 4 or more even # of stripes
| Paly | 4 or more even # of stripes |
Annulet |
| Crescent |
| Cross |
| Saltire |
| |
Evidence shows bees can distinguish a solid circle from a ring but its a pain to paint. The easisest way is paint white, put a disk in the middle and paint another color, then a larger disk and repaint white. Getting the white to cover the other color can take several coats.
Cross and Saltire are done as inversion and by not extending the masking tape to the edges.
Wavelength | Human Color | Human Receptors | Bee Color | Bee Receptors<300 | Ultraviolet (Invisible) | | | Ultraviolet (Invisible) | | | 300-380 | | Bee Ultraviolet | ? | 350 | 380-450 | Violet | #8f00ff screen,#9400d3 pigment | S: 430 | Bee Blue | #3d00ff | 440 | 450-480 | Blue | #0000ff | | | 480-500 | | Bee Blue-Green | #00ffff | | 500-520 | Blue-Green | #00ffff screen,#00b7eb pigment | | Bee Yellow | #a3ff00 | | 520-550 | Green | #00ff00 | M: 544 | 540 | 550-570 | Yellow-Green | #ceff00 | L: 570 | | 570-600 | Yellow | #ffff00 | | | 600-630 | Orange | #ff8800 | | Infrayellow (Invisible) | | | 630-780 | Red | #ff0000 | | | >780 | Infrared (Invisible) | | | | |
---|
Follow the rules of heraldry no color on a color no metal on a metal
Bees, Biology and Management by Peter G. Kevan show some patterns that bees can discriminate between and shapes recognized by bees. They include circle, square, triangle, diamond, bar at an angle, 3 vertical bars, kind of a "Y" and an X. The article on this book finishes with the following: Read this book with this caveat: If you are not already a bee geek when you start, you will be one when you finish. Don't say you weren't warned. It is a treasure of a book.
December American Bee Journal 2007
Square, Diamond, Circle, Triangle, inverted triangle
Can distinguish ring from disk: http://www.pnas.org/content/92/7/3029.full.pdf
Yellow, Blue-green, Blue, Ultraviolet, Black, White
The major difference between the color sense of a bee and a human is that the .human eye can distinguish about sixty distinct colors in the visible spectrum, while the bee can distinguish only four different colors in the visible spectrum: yellow, blue-green, blue, and ultraviolet